Grammar is one of the several sciences of languages.
Philology, the science of the history and creation of language, includes:
phonetics, a science of articulate sounds;
etymology, a science of word origins; and
grammar, a science of how we use words.
We can define grammar as a "science of
language" that has specific parts—and laws on how we use these parts in a sentence. Grammar is simple. We can divide words into eight different groups, called "
parts of speech."
The eight parts-of-speech are:
Noun,
Pronoun,
Adjective,
Verb,
Adverb,
Preposition,
Conjunction and
Interjection.
Existing words and new words fall naturally into these groups.
Grammar is the working out of this discovery.
To master grammar, you need to define the parts-of-speech before you can
understand their uses.
A common question is, "
Why do we have eight parts-of-speech? Why not seven or eleven?" The simple answer is because we have eight several uses to which we can arrange words in a sentence.
A sentence is a group of words so related that they express one complete thought.
Not every sentence has (or must have) all eight parts-of-speech.
The sentence, "
Lisa won," states one complete thought with only two parts-of-speech, expressed in two words.
The sentence, "
We are happy our football team won today,"
expresses one complete thought with eight parts-of-speech, expressed in eight words.
To express a complete thought, you must use at least two parts-of-speech. You can use ten, twenty, thirty, even a hundred words if you can make them work together.
The two essential parts of a sentence are: 1) the subject (what you talk about), and
2) the predicate (what you say of the subject).
That's all you need to know to write correctly.
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