SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.
299. Subordinate
conjunctions are of the following kinds:—
(1) PLACE: where, wherever, whither,
whereto, whithersoever, whence, etc.
(2) TIME: when, before, after,
since, as, until, whenever, while,
ere, etc.
(3) MANNER: how, as, however,
howsoever.
(4) CAUSE or REASON: because, since,
as, now, whereas, that, seeing, etc.
(5) COMPARISON: than and as.
(6) PURPOSE: that, so, so that, in
order that, lest, so...as.
(7) RESULT:
that, so that, especially that after so.
(8) CONDITION or CONCESSION: if, unless,
so, except, though, although; even if,
provided, provided that, in case, on condition
that, etc.
(9) SUBSTANTIVE: that, whether, sometimes
if, are used frequently to introduce noun clauses used as subject,
object, in apposition, etc.
Examples of the use of subordinate
conjunctions:—
Place.
Where the treasure is, there will the heart be
also.—Bible.
To lead from eighteen to twenty millions of men
whithersoever they will.—J. Quincy.
An artist will delight in excellence wherever he
meets it. —Allston.
Time.
I promise to devote myself to your happiness
whenever you shall ask it of me.—Paulding.
It is sixteen years since I saw the Queen of
France.—Burke.
Manner.
Let the world go how it will.—Carlyle
Events proceed, not as they were expected or
intended, but as they are impelled by the irresistible laws.—Ames.
Cause, reason.
I see no reason why I should not have the same
thought.—Emerson.
Then Denmark blest our
chief,
That he gave her wounds repose.
—Campbell.
Now he is dead, his
martyrdom will reap
Late harvests of the palms he should have
had in life.
—H. H. Jackson.
Sparing neither whip nor spur, seeing that he
carried the vindication of his patron's fame in his saddlebags.—Irving.
Comparison.
As a soldier, he was more solicitous to avoid mistakes
than to perform exploits that are brilliant.—Ames.
All the subsequent experience of our race had gone over
him with as little permanent effect as [as follows the
semi-adverbs as and so in expressing comparison] the passing
breeze.—Hawthorne.
Purpose.
We wish for a thousand heads, a thousand bodies,
that we might celebrate its immense beauty.—Emerson.
So many thoughts moved to and
fro,
That vain it were her eyes to close.
—Coleridge.
I was again covered with water, but not so long
but I held it out.—Defoe.
Condition.
A ridicule which is of no import unless the
scholar heed it.—Emerson.
There flowers or weeds at will
may grow,
So I behold them not.
—Byron.
Concession.
What though the radiance
which was once so bright
Be now forever taken from my
sight.
—Wordsworth.
Substantive.
It seems a pity that we can only spend it
once.—Emerson.
We do not believe that he left any worthy man his
foe who had ever been his friend.—Ames.
Let us see whether the greatest, the wisest, the
purest-hearted of all ages are agreed in any wise on this point.—Ruskin.
Who can tell if Washington be a great man or
no?—Emerson.
300. As will have been
noticed, some words—for example, since, while, as,
that, etc.—may belong to several classes of conjunctions,
according to their meaning and connection in the sentence. |
